Safe Bank

The objective of this paper was to verify the thesis that Polish banks should consider the regulatory risk associated with the extraterritorial U.S. sanctions regime and implement appropriate mitigating measures, regardless of any legal dispute in this domain. The study employed a combination of several research methods including: doctrinal legal analysis, systems analysis, descriptive method and case study analysis. The thesis was confirmed by demonstrating that non-compliance with U.S. law could result in EU banks being fined up to 9 billion USD and being cut off from the dollar clearing system. Disconnection from this system leads to a loss of liquidity and bankruptcy, given the dominant role of the USD in international trade. Violations of the U.S. sanctions regime also pose reputational risks. To mitigate these risks, appropriate compliance measures should be introduced, including cooperation with U.S. authorities. At the same time, it should be noted that compliance with U.S. regulations may be tantamount to violating EU law. Therefore, any actions aimed at mitigating risk should be preceded by a diligent analysis of the legal and factual circumstances.

The paper focuses on financial crimes in the banking sector, the main victims of which are banks. Definitions of financial crimes were analysed, and a list of such crimes was created. In addition, the definition of resilience was also considered. The article uses tools such as a systematic literature review, an expert survey and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method.

The article describes the results of research on banks' resilience to financial crime. As part of the conducted research, a set of criteria for assessing a bank's resilience to financial crime was developed. In order to validate them, a survey was conducted among the experts in the field of counteracting financial crime from banks listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The survey used the pairwise comparison method as part of the AHP. The final effect of the publication is a set of evaluation criteria of a bank's resilience to financial crime.

Subject and purpose of the study: The aim of this paper is to analyse the problem of skimming, i.e. the illegal extraction of payment card data, and to present methods to prevent this phenomenon. Skimming poses a significant threat to payment card users and financial institutions, despite the introduction of modern security technologies such as EMV chips.
Materials and methods: A literature review on skimming was conducted using the Web of Science and Scopus databases and the bibliometrix tool was used to analyse 70 publications. In addition, the main methods of skimming and prevention were identified from available reports and a survey of the development of skimmer detection devices.
Results: Different types of skimming devices were identified, including external, internal, deep-insert and EMV shimmer, and their evolution was presented. The analysis shows that the introduction of advanced security technologies has not eliminated the problem, and fraudsters are finding new ways to circumvent these mechanisms. Effective prevention measures such as skimmer detection devices and modern ATM security technologies are also presented.
Conclusions: Skimming remains a significant threat, requiring continuous development of security technologies and user education. Banks and financial institutions should invest in advanced security systems and educational campaigns to minimise the risk of financial crime. The collaboration of technology and user awareness is crucial to effectively combat this type of fraud.

The aim of the paper is to examine the impact of digital technologies on the relationship between the financial sector and the real economy. The digital revolution has changed the traditional banking market. New entities, FinTech companies, have appeared in the financial sector, and artificial intelligence has been used for commercial purposes on an increasingly large scale. Digital technologies are also using traditional banks, including artificial intelligence (AI), to maintain their position in the financial market in new market conditions. The analysis based on a review of the literature, confirms the impact of digital technologies on the financial products market and the economy. New business models on the financial market based on digital platforms have contributed to significant changes, which have reduced the asymmetry of information. In addition, new concentration and cybersecurity risks have emerged.

The study concerns the consequences of the mass granting of housing loans to households in Swiss francs by banks in Poland in the first decade of the 21st century and the prospects for an amicable settlement of disputes between borrowers and banks. The issues discussed in the study, such as: the crisis of Swiss franc loans - causes, consequences and culprits, selected aspects of consumer protection in national and EU law, criticism of court judgments on Swiss franc loans, as well as the prospects for an amicable settlement of disputes and relief for courts, result from statements by lawyers and economists during the conference entitled “Legal and economic aspects of case law in Swiss franc loans”. Because banks have not used the previous opportunities to independently settle disputes with borrowers, in the current situation it becomes necessary to involve the State and introduce statutory solutions in this area.