Safe Bank

This year marks the hundredth anniversary of the death of Franciszek Stefczyk. The article discusses his life and activities in the scientific field, but also in education, education and cooperatives. Stefczyk made a great contribution to the development of civilization in the Polish countryside, agriculture and cooperative finance. The text presents the idea of ​​cooperative credit unions and their development in Poland, from their establishment in 1890, through the period of the Second Polish Republic, the times after World War II and after the political transformation, as well as the current situation of credit unions. The work of Franciszek Stefczyk brought a lot of good, it was a priceless contribution to the development of Polish countryside, agriculture, popularization of cooperatives, and in other areas it contributed to economic and social progress. His activity in spreading knowledge and his contribution to the development of - as we would call it today - human capital were invaluable. We also cannot forget about the system of values ​​that guided F. Stefczyk and the social teaching of the Church, which was his compass. Franciszek Stefczyk was one of the forerunners of business ethics and social responsibility of homo oeconomicus.

The aim of the article is to demonstrate that the grounds for protecting information constituting banking secrecy include legal and non-legal ones. Despite such a wide scope of regulations, the balance between privacy and the possibility of access of public authorities to confidential information has not been maintained, as evidenced by the consistently expanded catalog of cases by the legislator in which it is possible to obtain information covered by banking secrecy or entities having access to it. Non-legal bases for the protection of information regarding customer relations with bankers have a much longer tradition, which proves their importance for banking transactions. The importance of the issues discussed is also evidenced by the fact that the institution known today as banking secrecy was the subject of protection in merchant and banking practice even before it was formalized in the form of generally applicable regulations. The formal-dogmatic method was used, which was the basis for legal research and was used for the exegesis and interpretation of legal acts. The basic sources of data are legal acts and literature on the subject. Based on the results of the conducted research, it should be concluded that the guarantee nature of banking secrecy is disappearing, despite the scope of protection being so broadly defined in the regulations.

This study aims to assess the impact of the Federal Reserve System's monetary policy instruments on the key macroeconomic indicators in the United States From 2020 to 2022. To evaluate the impact of the implemented monetary policy instruments, a monetary policy indicator was constructed by adjusting the real Wu-Xia shadow interest rate with the estimate of natural rate of interest. Subsequently, the impact of the monetary policy indicator on the credit impulse level was determined. The final stage involved determining the effect of the credit impulse on changes in the level of macroeconomic variables. The conducted research showed that changes in monetary policy are reflected in changes in the constructed monetary policy indicator. The level of the credit impulse depends on the monetary policy indicator; the higher the value of the indicator (more restrictive monetary policy), the lower the level of the credit impulse, with greater variability. It was also established that changes in the credit impulse affect the variance in key macroeconomic variables. Credit data is very important in the context of future economic activity as well as financial stability because credit constitutes a stream of newly created money into the real economy. Monetary policy significantly influences the level of credit granted, encouraging borrowing in the case of low-interest-rate policies while discouraging it in the case of high-interest-rate policies. The pandemic period was characterized by significant data volatility, which translated into a decrease in the predictive value of the credit impulse.

The dilemmas that need to be resolved when designing a guarantee system were presented, considering the impact of individual solutions on the scale of the moral hazard. The deposit guarantee systems operating in Poland, the United States, Belarus, and Switzerland were presented in terms of their structure and effectiveness in fulfilling the task of ensuring guaranteed payout. The study also presented the results of a conducted survey and based on them, the scale of moral hazard in Poland and the United States was compared. Additionally, by using proprietary measures - the knowledge index and the moral hazard index - the relationship between the knowledge of deposit guarantee principles and the frequency of moral hazard was examined. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that socio-demographic characteristics such as gender, place of residence, and level of savings have an impact on the scale of moral hazard among individual depositors.

The objective of this article is to identify the key tools facilitating money laundering, determine the role of cash transactions in this process, and develop a project for implementing an AML (Anti-Money Laundering) department within a bank. The thesis presents the stages and methods associated with the phenomenon, as well as its main negative consequences. Additionally, it includes a design for the implementation of an efficiently operating AML department in a bank and describes its functioning post-implementation. The study demonstrates that cash transactions are crucial for the development of this illicit activity, but eliminating cash transactions will not eradicate the phenomenon of money laundering. The thesis hypothesis has been substantiated using literature review research methods and qualitative data analysis methods.

By definition, interest in the mechanisms and procedures of anti-crisis measures during periods of financial stability is minimal. It is only when indications of a deteriorating situation in the banking sector emerge that a greater public desire for information can be observed. However, a lack of understanding of the basic concepts and principles regarding anti-crisis procedures can cause anxiety and panic among bank customers. For example, the recent decision to initiate resolution mechanism in 2022 for a large commercial bank caused confusion and concern among the public. Such reactions from bank customers were likely due to their individual beliefs and knowledge about the implemented resolution procedure. Therefore, this article investigates the current perception of the Polish society regarding measures taken towards banks in crisis situations.