Safe Bank

This paper presents a multi-faceted argumentation in favour of the position that the Bank Guarantee Fund (BFG) is entitled, under the civil proceedings, to require the arbitration of the so-called legal claim resulting in adjudication from the National Association of Co-operative Savings and Credit Unions (Krajowa Spółdzielcza Kasa Oszczędnościowo-Kredytowa) the unpaid amount of money from the available stabilisation fund funds for the reimbursement of guaranteed deposits to depositors of the National Association. Provisions of already repealed Article 55 paragraph 1a of the Act of 5 November 2009 on Associations of Co-operative Savings and Credit Unions as well as of the no longer legally binding Art. 38r paragraph 2 of the Act of 14 December 1994 on Bank Guarantee Fund constitute the foundation of this claim. It results from the fact that the concept of legal action should be understood as widely as possible. It means that an administrative act, causing consequences in terms of civil law, also constitutes action or omission, effects of which can be recognised at the court. However, it is also an issue of the very nature of the legal relationship between the BFG and the National Association of Co-operative Savings and Credit Unions, resulting from the legal institution of free payment of the stabilisation fund. At the same time – the essence of the stabilisation fund, functions of the bank deposit guarantee system as well as ratio legis of the analysed regulations – speak in favour of represented opinion.

The article deals with both the determinants and features of corporate governance in Islamic financial institutions. Such governance, adopts – as its base – purposes and tasks arising from the religious and socio-economic doctrines of Islam, which form elements of a system, including the one concerning Shariah governance. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the status and significance of Shariah scholars while Shariah governance, representing an important feature of Islamic finance. The discussion proves that the limited number of Shariah scholars and dominant significance of Islamic law professionals influence the pace of the Islamic finance development and leads to procedural, social or financial degenerations. Evaluations and conclusions were obtained with use of comparative and descriptive methods as well as based on case study.

The aim of the paper is the analysis of determinants of long-term credit ratings of European commercial banks according to ownership criteria. On the basis of the literature review the following hypothesis has been expressed: taking into account the financial condition the public banks receive higher credit ratings than private institutions. The ordinary logit panel data models have been used for the study. Examination of the impact of ownership on the bank’s credit rating showed that the put hypothesis cannot be uniquely verified. Public banks receive higher ratings than private institutions taking into account financial conditions, only for S & P notices. Whereas Fitch and Moody lowered their ratings to banks whose investor was the Treasury. This could have been the result of a recapitalization of financial institutions by the state to protect them against the risk of bankruptcy, however such an interpretation requires in-depth research.

The aim of this study is to find response to the question whether there were differences of the determinants of profitability between banks dependent on foreign and domestic investors in Poland during the Global Financial Crisis and Eurozone Debt Crisis. The results of the analyses showed differences of determinants of the performance between banks dependent on foreign and domestic investors. Amongst the differences in microeconomic variables, the study found that, on the one hand, the amount of capital and foreign currency loans were negatively correlated with the profitability of domestic banks. On the other hand, this paper found a positive correlation between the share of loans in total assets and the profitability of banks with a majority share of domestic investors. Large banks dependent on foreign investors were more profitable than small banks.

Since the European Banking Authority has assigned a transactional nature to the sight deposits the aim of the article is to assess the impact of households’ welfare on the level of these deposits. The study is based on regression models with the use of the Eurosystem HFCS data on 56,225 households residing in 15 Eurozone countries. The results confirm the significant impact of the respondents’ welfare on the sight deposits volume shape. However, the adoption of independent variables referring to incomes and balance sheet items allows concluding about their unequal importance. Both in the whole community and in Austria, Cyprus, Finland, France, Netherlands, Luxemburg, Malta, Germany and Slovakia the priority was given to the annual gross incomes, whereas in Belgium, Greece, Spain, Portugal and Italy to the net wealth. In some countries the destimulant of the sight deposits level constituted real estate investments. The deposits of pensioners are evaluated as the most sensitive to changes in their incomes.

The aim of this article is presentation of the characteristics of anti-usury regulations in Poland, and diagnosis of the existing market conditions as far as consumer credits and loans are concerned. The article demonstrates that the existing regulations are effectively circumvented by loaning companies and banks, with use of their significant creativity in creating extra fees and commissions charged to customers. The practises used when granting credits and loans, analysed in the article, show how difficult it is to define and regulate the anty-usury rules and procedures.

The aim of this publication is to present the characteristics of social trust to the banking sector and to analyze its importance in the face of the growing market share of financial services of FinTech. In the light of the dynamic development of technologies public trust is a critical element of competitive advantage of banks over companies benefiting from innovations in the process of providing financial services. However, the growing importance of positive experiences of clients who cooperate with FinTech and buy services from them, poses a new challenge for traditional financial institutions to distribute services.