Bezpieczny Bank

Macroprudential policy, initially a very general idea, has entered the operationalization stage. European regulations (so called CRDIV/CRR package), based on international recommendations, introduce a number of macroprudential tools. Furthermore, at an institutional level, specially dedicated authorities responsible for conducting macroprudential policy have been established. The aim of this paper is to present the current institutional arrangements as well as regulations concerning macroprudential policy in the European Union. The theoretical deliberations have been supplemented by an analysis of macroprudential tools noted so far at
the European level. The article also includes proposals of necessary changes in regulations which would increase the flexibility of applying macroprudential tools.

This paper contains a description of a new so called liquidity coverage requirement and its possible relations with securitization positions in Europe. The author indicates that European securitization transactions performed significantly better during the financial crisis than American ones. Because of this fact they could be treated as an alternative channel to finance the real economy. The new regulations matter in this context, regulations designed with an aim to diminish the probability for similar crises in the future. One of the most important sets of regulations is the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR) where the liquidity coverage requirement has been inserted. In LCR, for the first time in European rules, the advantages of securitization have been noticed so that certain securitizations are recognized as possible partial insurance in credit institutions against liquidity outflow during 30 calendar days. The research question is: could this recognition of securitization have – together with work performed by the ECB and European Commission – an influence on a recovery of securitization markets in Europe.

The aim of this paper is to present the results of competition in the banking sectors in countries in the region (Poland, Czech Republic and Hungary) as compared to other EU country banking sectors, before the crisis and during the crisis. The article presents the results of own research on competition and concentration in the EU banking sector, covering the period before the financial crisis and during the crisis (empirical studies conducted on data covering the years 1997 to 2012) as well as the results of other authors in relation to banking sectors in EU countries based on the methods of the theory of Industrial Organization Approach of
Banking. The paper also addresses the phenomenon of competition between banks and how it affects the stability of the banking sector. The empirical results of the study showed that the level of competition reduced during the crisis in the banking sectors in the region (Poland, Czech Republic and Hungary).

The purpose of this paper is to present a code of ethics of banks, in the broader context of ethical codes of companies. The research problem is to determine whether the websites of banks feature codes of ethics, what kind of stakeholders are present in the ethical codes of banks, and what content on clients is located in the ethical codes of banks. The subjects of analysis are the contents of codes of ethics. The paper consists of three parts: the first explains the importance of codes of ethics; the second, the typology and the content of codes; while in the latter part of the third – the codes of ethics and codes of conduct found on the websites of banks, shown by the banking sector

The purpose of the article is to point out the possibilities of using information derived from various social media in assessment procedures of creditworthiness. The assumption formulated in the article claims that social media credit scoring should be applied when evaluating credit reliability and credibility. The considerations included in the consecutive parts of the article were aimed at accomplishing the set purpose and proving the truthfulness of the assumption. They show the scale of use of social media by the population and analyze the data obtained from social media which can be used to support the credit process and in that way they eventually indicate the benefits and certain risks connected with the application of social scoring by banks.

As a result of financial instability in the UK and a decrease in sales in the real estate market caused by the financial crisis of 2007, the Bank of England, together with the State Treasury began a program of bank funds under the name of Funding for Lending Schem e (FLS) intended mostly to strengthen the financial markets. The main objective of this operation was to increase the supply of money
in the household sector. The Bank of England has taken action to increase the interest rates on bank deposits and bank operations made with deposit funds, and has also prepared new credit offers.

The contracts connected with unit funds in unit-linked insurance are long term forms of investment and idemnity. The article deals with the legal character of these financial instruments, the problems connected with service charges, especially surrender charges validity, financial intermediation, and financial consultancy.