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Safe Bank

Published: 2026-10-30

Moral Panic and Its Manifestations in the Polish Banking Sector

Paweł Kocoń Logo ORCID
Section: Problems and Opinions
https://doi.org/10.26354/bb.6.2.103.2026

Abstract

The aim of this study is to characterize the concept referred to in sociology as moral panic, its components, and the use of its structural framework to analyze emotions and disputes with banks regarding mortgage agreements for housing purchases expressed in Swiss francs (CHF) or denominated in that currency. In particular, it concerns the manifestations of moral panic in the context of the role of social media—as an accelerator of stakeholders' emotions and their impact on the stability of banking sector entities. The main method used in this study is literature analysis, mainly within the theoretical framework of Cohen and Garland, complemented by synthetic case analyses of two banks and the Polish banking sector in the context of the Swiss franc loan problem. The discussion demonstrates that banking panic can spread in a 'contagious' manner and be accelerated by the media, particularly social media, shaping on one hand a decidedly negative image of lenders (called, e.g. banksters) and, on the other hand, generalizing the grievances of borrowers by giving them the role of victims. A large-scale moral panic regarding the banking sector also creates social pressure on politicians and decision-makers to change regulations. The Swiss franc loan crisis in Poland is an example of turning a dispute between credit contract parties into a moral crusade with lasting institutional effects, and a side effect can be the destabilization of the system or isolated cases of liquidity loss leading gradually to insolvency. Experiences and potential consequences of moral panic in the financial sector should serve as a reason to build frameworks for managing this phenomenon and, above all, for effective financial education of society.

JEL Codes

G21, G28, D84

Citation rules

Kocoń, P. (2026). Moral Panic and Its Manifestations in the Polish Banking Sector. Safe Bank, 103(2), 104–121. https://doi.org/10.26354/bb.6.2.103.2026

Cited by / Share

Vol. 103 No. 2 (2026)
Published: 2026-10-30


ISSN: 1429-2939
eISSN: 2544-7068
Ikona DOI 10.26354

Publisher
Bankowy Fundusz Gwarancyjny

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