Komparatywna analiza sektora bankowego w Polsce i w Szwecji w czasie kryzysów lat 90. XX w., globalnego kryzysu finansowego oraz pandemii COVID-19

Leszek Leśniewski

doi:10.26354/bb.3.1.98.2025

Published : 2025-05-09

Vol. 98 No. 1 (2025)

Comparative analysis of the banking sector in Poland and Sweden during the crises of the 1990s, global financial crisis and COVID-19 pandemic

Leszek Leśniewski

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2994-5900

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26354/bb.3.1.98.2025

Abstract

The article concerns situation of the banking sector in Poland and Sweden in three periods of economic downturn, i.e. the crises of the 1990s, the global financial crisis initiated in the United States in 2008 and the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this article is to assess impact of the Nordic crisis and crisis of transition countries of the 1990s, as well as global financial crisis and economic slowdown related to COVID-19 pandemic on Polish and Swedish banking sectors.

The analysis confirmed the correct level of the banking sectors in Poland and Sweden in 1990-2022. The indicators did not differ significantly from the average values compared to the global situation. In Poland, changes took place to a greater extent during the COVID-19 pandemic than during the global financial crisis. In Sweden, it was the opposite.

Keywords:

banking sector, Poland, Sweden, crisis

JEL Codes

G21, E63, N24

Details

References

Statistics

Authors

Download files

pdf (Język Polski)

Citation rules

Leśniewski, L. (2025). Comparative analysis of the banking sector in Poland and Sweden during the crises of the 1990s, global financial crisis and COVID-19 pandemic. Safe Bank, 98(1), 58–76. https://doi.org/10.26354/bb.3.1.98.2025

Altmetric indicators

Cited by / Share

Licence

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

References

Abreu E., Kimura H., Sobreiro V. (2019). What is going on with Studies on Banking Efficiency?, Research in International Business and Finance 47, 2019, pp. 195–219.

Aldasoro I., Fender I., Hardy B., Tarashev N. (2020). Effects of Covid-19 on the Banking Sector: The Market’s Assessment, Bank for International Settlements, BIS Bulletin No. 12, Bassel.

Anderton R., Tewolde T. (2011). The global financial crisis, trying to understand the global trade downturn and recovery, European Central Bank Working Paper Series No 1370 / AUGUST 2011, Frankfurt am Main.

Baszyński A. (2014). Koncentracja i konkurencja w sektorach bankowych transformujących się krajów europejskich: studium teoretyczno-empiryczne, Poznań: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego.

Belka M. (2013). How Poland’s EU membership Helped Transform it Economy, Occasional Paper No. 88, pp. 7-49.

Berglund T., Makinen M. (2019). Do banks learn from financial crisis? The experience of Scandinavian banks, Research in Inter national Business and Finance, 47, pp. 428–440.

Bernanke B. (2018). The real effects of disrupted credit: evidence from the global financial crisis, Brookings Papers of economic activity, 2018, vol. 49, issue 2 (Fall), pp. 251-342.

Bhatia V., Basu S., Mitra S., Dash P. (2018). A review of bank efficiency and productivity, OPSEARCH 55(2018), pp. 557–600.

Black L., Correa R., Huang X., Zhou H. (2016). The systemic risk of European banks during the financial and sovereign debt crises, Journal of Banking & Finance, 63, pp.107–125.

Bolt W., Humphrey D. (2010). Bank competition efficiency in Europe: a frontier approach, J. Bank. Finance 34(8) (2010), pp. 1808–1817.

Brandal N., Bratberg O., Thorsen D., E. (2013). The Nordic model of social democracy, London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Buckley R., Avgouleas E., Arner D. (2018). Three major financial crises: what have we learned?, AIIFL Working Paper No. 31 2018, Hong Kong.

Chojecki T., Matysek-Jędrych A. (2003). Bankowość elektroniczna w europejskich systemach bankowych: Szwecja, Bank i kredyt, kwiecień 2003, s. 72-86.

Claessens S., Kose M. A. (2013). Financial crises: explanations, types, and implications, IMF Working Paper WP/13/28, International Monetary Fund, Washington.

Company Fact Sheet Nasdaq Stockholm AB 2024. Pozyskano z: www.nasdaqomxnordic.com (dostęp 20.01.2025).

Corbae D., Levine R. (2019). Competition, stability, and effciency in the banking industry, Brussels: European Central Bank.

Edvinsson R., Jacobson T., Waldenström D., (eds.), (2020). Banking, Bonds, National Wealth, and Stockholm House Prices, 1420–2020, Stockholm: Sveriges Riksbank.

European Banking Federation (2022). Banking in Europe: EBF Facts & Figures 2022, Brussels.

Europejski Bank Centralny (2021). Raport o Konwergencji Europejskiego Banku Centralnego, Bruksela.

Feldstein M. (2011). The Euro and European Economic Conditions, Working Paper 17617, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge.

Ferreira C. (2023). Competition and Stability in the European Union Banking Sector, International Advances in Economic Research, Volume 29/2023, pp. 207–224.

Fitchratings for Bank 2023. Pozyskano z: www.fitchratings.com (dostęp 15.01.2025).

Guibourg G., Segendorff B. (2007). A note on the price- and cost structure of retail payment services in the Swedish banking sector 2002, Journal of Banking & Finance Volume 31, Issue 9, September 2007, pp. 2817-2827.

Harasim J. (2009). Bankowość detaliczna w Polsce. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo CeDeWu.

Havrylchyk O. (2004). Consolidation of the Polish banking sector: consequences for the banking institutions and the public, Economic Systems Volume 28, Issue 2, June 2004, pp. 125-140.

Hedstrom A., Uddin G., Rahman M., Sjo B. (2024). Systemic risk in the Scandinavian banking sector, International Journal of Finance & Economics Volume 29, Issue1January 2024, pp. 581-608.

Heritage Foundation, (2020). Index of Economic Freedom 2020, Washington.

Honkapohja S. (2012). The 1980s financial liberalization in the Nordic countries, Discussion Bank of Finland Papers 36 2012, Helsinki: Bank of Finland.

Iwanicz-Drozdowska M., Nowak A. (2024). Konkurencyjność sektora bankowego w Polsce na tle sektorów bankowych krajów UE, Studia i prace Kolegium Zarządzania i Finansów 198/2024, s. 25-46.

Jonung L. (2009). Vad sager var historia om finanskriser?, Ekonomisk Debatt, nr 4 2009 argang 37, s. 73–85.

Kata R., Chmiel J. (2019). Rozwój sektora bankowego w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschod¬niej, PEFIM, 21 (70), s. 80–93.

Kluza S., Walczyk K., (red.), (2020). 20 lat koniunktury w sektorze bankowym – z badań Instytutu Rozwoju Gospodarczego SGH, Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza SGH.

Komisja Nadzoru Finansowego: www.knf.gov.pl (dostęp 15.01.2025).

Kopiński A. (2016). Analiza rentowności wybranych banków komercyjnych w Polsce, Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, Lublin – Polonia. Sectio H – Oeconomia vol. 50, nr 4, s. 225-236.

Kowalski T. (2013). Globalization and transformation in Central European countries: The case of Poland, Poznań: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Poznaniu.

Kowalski T., Staniszewska D. (1998). Efektywność operacyjna banków w Polsce w latach 1994 – 1996, Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny, Rok LX (1998) – zeszyt 3, 4 – 1998, s. 181–198.

Kristiansen G., Cotten S. (2020). National banking market assessment Sweden, Sector comment financial institutions 2020, Oslo: Nordic Credit Rating.

Lag (2004:297) om bank- och finansieringsrörelse.

Leśniewski L. (2015). Rynki finansowe Danii, Finlandii i Szwecji w czasie globalnego kryzysu oraz kryzysów lat 80. i 90. XX wieku, Prace Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Bankowej w Gdańsku, Tom 39. 2015, s. 147-167.

Leśniewski L. (2019). Reakcje gospodarek nordyckich na kryzys globalny, Studia i Materiały. Miscellanea Oeconomicae, Rok 23, Nr 2/2019, s. 187-200.

Leśniewski L. (2020). Współczesna gospodarka Danii, Finlandii i Szwecji, Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek.

Mannasoo K., Mayes D. G. (2009). Explaining bank distress in eastern European transition economies, Journal of Banking and Finance, 33, pp. 244–253.

Międzynarodowy Fundusz Walutowy: www.imf.org (dostęp 10.01.2025).

Miklaszewska E. (2023). Problemy stabilności dużych banków: lekcje z doświadczeń kryzysów finansowych, Bezpieczny Bank, 92(3), s. 8–24.

Miklaszewska E., Kil. K. (2023). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on bank stability and performance in the CEE region, in: COVID-19 and European banking performance, P. Wachtel, E. Miklaszewska, London: Routledge.

Mishkin F. S. (2001). Ekonomika pieniądza, bankowości i rynków finansowych, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.

Murinde V., Rizopoulos E., Zachariadis M. (2022). The impact of the FinTech revolution on the future of banking: Opportunities and risks, International Review of Financial Analysis 81 (2022) 102103, pp. 1-27.

Narodowy Bank Polski: www. nbp.pl (dostęp 14.01.2025).

Nowiak W. (2011). Nordycki model „welfare state” w realiach XXI wieku, Poznań: UAM Wydawnictwo Naukowe.

Organisation for Economic Co–operation and Development (2020). OECD Economic Surveys SWEDEN, Paris.

Organisation for Economic Co–operation and Development (2020). OECD Economic Surveys Poland, Paris.

Pawłowska M. (2015). Wskaźniki koncentracji jako miary konkurencji w sektorze bankowym, Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace, 3 (2), s. 25–38.

Pawłowska M. (2016). Does the size and market structure of the banking sector have an effect on the financial stability of the European Union?, The Journal of Economic Asymmetries Volume 14, Part A, November 2016, pp. 112-127.

Rakhmatilla T. (2021). Factors affecting the liquidity of commercial banks, International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management United Kingdom, Vol. IX, Issue 4, pp. 138-147.

Reichardt A. (2011). Poland and the Global Economic Crisis: Observations and Poland and the Global Economic Crisis: Observations and Reflections in the Public Sector, Journal of Finance and Management in Public Services. Volume 10 Number 1, pp. 38-48.

Schweiger C, Magone J. (2017). The Effects of the Eurozone Sovereign Debt Crisis, London: Routledge.

Sepp J. (2011). The Economy and Economics after Crisis, Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Yerlag.

Sobolewski M., Stępień K. (2015). Zmiany efektywności banków w Polsce w latach 1996–2009, Modern Management Review, 20 (22/3), s. 199–212.

Svenska Bankföreningen: www.financesweden.se (dostęp 14.01.2025).

Sveriges Riksbank: www.riksbank.se (dostęp 14.01.2025).

Świderska J., (red.), (2013). Współczesny system bankowy, Warszawa: Difin.

Tran S., Nguyen D., Nguyen L. (2022). Concentration, capital, and bank stability in emerging and developing countries, Borsa Istanbul Review, 22–6, pp. 1251–1259.

Tropeano D. (2018). Financial Regulation in the European Union After the Crisis, London: Routledge.

United Nations Development Programme (2020). Human Development Report 2020, New York.

Ustawa z dnia 29 sierpnia 1997 r. - Prawo bankowe.

Vittas D. (1991). Measuring commercial bank efficiency, Working paper 806, World Bank, Washington.

World Bank (2022). The Global Findex Database 2021, Washington.

World Economic Forum (2020). Global Competitiveness Report 2020, Geneva.