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Assessing the Efficiency of Bank Resolutions in a Financial Crisis
Abstract
Financial crises cause a substantial destruction in the financial system if not timely and correctly managed. For many years government guarantees and banks’ recapitalizations have allowed to counteract the contagion effects of crises and to restore the confidence in the financial market. The recent regulatory changes, like the implementation of the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD) tries to eliminate the government’s role in managing a financial crisis. However, the question which arises is whether and under what circumstances available methods of resolution are effective during a systemic event. We test the effectiveness of main resolution mechanisms available in the regulatory document on the sample of 215 distressed banks, which were in need of an intervention during 39 systemic banking crises between 1990 and 2017. Our regression results document that the effectiveness of the resolution measures largely depends on the scale and phase of the financial crisis. While the government-assisted merger seems to be effective in the initial phase of crisis (or during less severe crises), during systemic banking crises it does not help to stop the contagion effects. In turn, we find that Asset Management Vehicle (AMV) with sufficient (generally induced by the government) recapitalization is the only effective measure to address banks’ distress, at the same time limiting the systemic effect of the crisis. Our further analysis documents that government should participate in the resolution process, however its role should be limited to minority stakes. In turn, the full bailouts do not appear out to be successful. We find that the regulatory framework is imperfect and the regulators should rethink the design of resolution measures for systemic crises.
Keywords:
BRRD, systemic crisis, banking crises, bailout, resolutionJEL Codes
C68, G21, G28Details
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